Technical Papers

- Weather Services

• RA II Pilot Project to Develop Support for Developing Countries in Aeronautical Meteorology Programme (CM Shun and MY Jiao, Commission For Aeronautical Meteorology Thirteenth Session, Geneva, Switzerland,23 November to 1 December 2006)
• Observations by Hong Kong, China on SIGMET Reception (Sandy M.K. Song, Fourth Meeting of the Asia/Pac OPMET Management Task Force (OPMET/M TF/4), Bangkok, Thailand, 13 - 16 February 2006 )
• Uncertainties in Weather Forecast (S.Y. Lau, MET/ATM Co-ordination Seminar for Asia/Pacific Region, Bangkok, Thailand, 8 - 10 February 2006)
• Organization of MET Services in Hong Kong, China (C.M. Shun, MET/ATM Co-ordination Seminar for Asia/Pacific Region, Bangkok, Thailand, 8 - 10 February 2006)
• Coordination between the MET and ATM Authorities in Hong Kong, China (Sandy M.K. Song, MET/ATM Co-ordination Seminar for Asia/Pacific Region, Bangkok, Thailand, 8 - 10 February 2006)
• Development of MET Products for ATM in Hong Kong, China and Future Possibilities (Sandy M.K. Song & C.M. Shun, MET/ATM Co-ordination Seminar for Asia/Pacific Region, Bangkok, Thailand, 8 - 10 February 2006)
• Probability Forecast of Crosswinds at HKIA Due to Tropical Cyclones (S.Y. Lau & K.W. Wong, WMO Workshop on Value Added Services for Air Navigation and User-oriented Aerodrome Forecasts, Toulouse, France, 9-10 September 2005)
• Preparation for the QMS Seminar(S.Y. Lau, Ninth Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/9) of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 July 2005)
• Annex 3 Template for Aerodrome Warnings(M.K. Song, Ninth Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/9) of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 July 2005)
• Terminal Meteorological Forecast (TerMET)(M.K. Song, Ninth Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/9) of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 July 2005)
• Trend Forecast in Local Routine and Special Reports(C.M. Cheng, Fifth Meeting of the Aerodrome Meteorological Observing Systems Study Group (AMOSSG), Montreal, 11 – 14 April 2005)
• Cost Recovery in Aviation Weather Service and How It Works in Hong Kong(S.Y. Lau, Second Regional Seminar on Cost Recovery and Administration in Regional Association II (ASIA), Hong Kong, China, 4-6 December 2004)
• ISO Compatible Quality Management System Enhances Aviation Weather Services (S.Y. Lau, ICAO Journal Vol. 59 No. 4, 2004 )
• Latest development of weather sensing instrumentation at the Hong Kong International Airport (C.M. Cheng, 7th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/MET SG7) & 10th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Implementation Coordination Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/ATM IC SG/10), Bangkok, Thailand, 15-21 July 2003)
• Implementation of the ISO 9000 quality management system in Hong Kong, China (S.Y. Lau, 7th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/MET SG7) & 10th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Implementation Coordination Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/ATM IC SG/10), Bangkok, Thailand, 15-21 July 2003)
• Verification of Weather Forecasts for the Aerodrome of the Hong Kong International Airport   (S.T. Chan & L.O. Li, Hong Kong Observatory, Technical Note No. 105, 2003)

- Windshear and Turbulence

• Development of New Wind Shear Posters in Collaboration with IFALPA and ICAO (CM Shun, Commission For Aeronautical Meteorology Thirteenth Session, Geneva, Switzerland,23 November to 1 December 2006)
• Low Altitude Wind Shear Hazards: Ground Based Detection and Commercial Aviation User Needs(Thomas H. Fahey, III, C.M. Shun, Amy VanGerpen, Junichiro Asano & Tuan Nguyen, 12th Conference on Aviation Range & Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, 29 January - 2 February 2006)
• High Resolution Numerical Modelling of Windshear Episodes at the Hong Kong International Airport(K.C. Szeto & P.W. Chan, 12th Conference on Aviation Range & Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, 29 January - 2 February 2006)
• Generation of Eddy Dissipation Rate Map at the Hong Kong International Airport Based on Doppler LIDAR Data(P.W. Chan, 12th Conference on Aviation Range & Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, 29 January - 2 February 2006)
• Operational LIDAR-based System for Automatic Windshear Alerting at the Hong Kong International Airport(P.W. Chan, C.M. Shun & K.C. Wu, 12th Conference on Aviation Range & Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, 29 January - 2 February 2006)
• Wind Shear Alerting at Hong Kong International Airport (S.Y. Lau & B.L. Choy, WMO Workshop on Value Added Services for Air Navigation and User-oriented Aerodrome Forecasts, Toulouse, France, 9-10 September 2005)
• Measurement of Turbulence in Terrain-disrupted Airflow at the Hong Kong International Airport Using a Doppler Lidar(P.W. Chan, K.K. Lai & C.M. Shun, Croatian Meteorological Journal (Special Issue on the 28th International Conference on Alpine Meteorology (ICAM) and the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) 2005), Volume 40, page 503 - 506)
• Monitoring and Observation of Fohn Wind in Hong Kong Using a Multi-channel, Ground-based Microwave Radiometer(P.W. Chan, Croatian Meteorological Journal (Special Issue on the 28th International Conference on Alpine Meteorology (ICAM) and the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) 2005), Volume 40, page 499 - 502)
• Numerical Simulation of Vortex Shedding Observed at the Hong Kong International Airport Using a Shallow Water Model(P.W. Chan & C.M. Shun, Croatian Meteorological Journal (Special Issue on the 28th International Conference on Alpine Meteorology (ICAM) and the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) 2005), Volume 40, p. 27 - 30)
• Wind Shear and Turbulence Alerting at Hong Kong International Airport(C.M. Shun, WMO Bulletin, Volume 53, No.4, October 2004)
• Comparison of Doppler LIDAR Observations of Severe Turbulence and Aircraft Data (S.T. Chan & C.W. Mok, 11th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, 4-8 October 2004, Hyannis, MA, USA)
• Prototype Automatic LIDAR-based Wind Shear Detection Algorithms(B.L. Choy, O.S.M. Lee, C.M. Shun & C.M. Cheng, 11th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, 4-8 October 2004, Hyannis, MA, USA)
• Performance of Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimates from Wind Profilers in Turbulence Detection(P.W. Chan & S.T. Chan, 11th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, 4-8 October 2004, Hyannis, MA, USA)
• Measurement of Eddy Dissipation Rate by a Mini-sodar for Aviation Application: Comparison with Tower Measurement (P.W. Chan, 11th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, 4-8 October 2004, Hyannis, MA, USA)
• Latest development in the use of a Doppler Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system for windshear and turbulence detection(C.M. Shun, 8th Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/8) of APANPIRG, 12-16 July 2004, Bangkok, Thailand)
• Enhancement of the anemometer-based system for windshear detection at the Hong Kong International Airport (O.S.M. Lee, 8th Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/8) of APANPIRG, 12-16 July 2004, Bangkok, Thailand)
• LIDAR Observations of Wind Shear Induced by Mountain Lee Waves (C.M. Shun, S.Y. Lau, C.M. Cheng, O.S.M. Lee & H.Y. Chiu, 11th Conference on Mountain Meteorology and MAP Meeting 2004, 21-25 June 2004, Mount Washington Valley, NH, USA.)
• Terminal Doppler Weather Radar Observation of Atmospheric Flow over Complex Terrain during Tropical Cyclone Passages (C.M. Shun, S.Y. Lau, O.S.M. Lee, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Volume 42, p. 1697-1710, December 2003)
• LIDAR Observations of Terrain-induced Flow and its Application in Airport Wind Shear Monitoring   (C.M. Shun, C.M. Cheng & O Lee, presented at the International Conference on Alpine Meteorology (ICAM) and Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) Meeting, Brig, Switzerland, 19-23 May 2003)
• Observation of sea breeze interactions at and near Hong Kong International Airport   (O.S.M. Lee & C.M. Shun, Meteorological Applications Vol. 10, p.p. 1-9, 2003)
• Ongoing Research in Hong Kong Has Led to Improved Windshear and Turbulence Alerts   (C.M. Shun, ICAO Journal, Volume 58, No.2, March 2003)
• Recent Developments to Enhance Windshear and Turbulence Alerting at the Hong Kong International Airport   (C.M. Shun, C.M. Cheng & H.G. Wai, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Electronics in the Air Transport Industry, SEATI 2003, The Institute of Electrical Engineers Hong Kong, p.46-60)
• Remote Sensing of Windshear under Tropical Cyclone Conditions in Hong Kong   (C.M. Shun & H.K. Lam, presented at the 35th session of the Typhoon Committee, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 19-25 November 2002)
• Some Important Things You Should Know about the Windshear and Turbulence Warning System (WTWS)   (The Flyleaf Spring/2002, courtesy of Captain Brian Greeves, reproduced with the permission of Hong Kong Airline Pilots Association)
• Sea-breeze Induced Windshear at Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong   (C.M. Cheng, Hong Kong Observatory, Technical Note No.103, 2002) 
• Windshear and Turbulence Alerting Service at the Hong Kong International Airport - a Review   (S.Y. Lau, C.M. Shun & B.Y. Lee, Hong Kong Observatory, Technical Note No.102, 2002) 
• Remote-Sensing the Weather to Support the Hong Kong Airport   (K.C. Tsui, C.M. Cheng & B.Y.Lee, presented at The Third International Symposium on Electronics in the Air Transport Industry, Hong Kong, China, 28-29 November 2000) 
• Windshear and Turbulence Detection and Warning at Hong Kong International Airport   (S.Y. Lau, presented at the First WMO Working Group Meeting on Training, Environment and New Developments (TREND), Hong Kong, China, 24-27 October 2000) 
• Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) Observation of Atmospheric Flow over Complex Terrain during Tropical Cyclone Passages   (C.M. Shun & S.Y. Lau, presented at Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment II, SPIE's Second International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Environment, and Space, Sendai, Japan, 9-12 October 2000) 
• Observation of Terrain-induced Windshear around Hong Kong International Airport under Stably Stratified Conditions   (S.Y. Lau & C.M. Shun, presented at the 9th Symposium on Mountain Meteorology, Aspen, Colorado, 7-11 August 2000) 
• Case Study of a Windshear Caused by Low-level Jet 14 December 1998 - Hong Kong Observatory Technical Note No.101   (S.Y. Lau & S.T.Chan, Hong Kong Observatory, Technical Note No.101, 2000) 

- World Area Forecast System

• Problems and Opportunities Arising from the Migration of OPMET Data to BUFR (CM Shun and Ken Macdonald, Commission For Aeronautical Meteorology Thirteenth Session, Geneva, Switzerland,23 November to 1 December 2006)
• Regional Progress in WAFS Implementation(C.M. Shun, Ninth Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/9) of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 July 2005)
• BURF Migration Operational Trial and Airlines' Feedback(World Area Forecast System Operations Group (WAFSOPSG) Second Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 8 to 11 March 2005)
• Review of the implementation of WAFS: Transition to GRIB and BUFR coded WAFS products(C.M. Shun, 8th Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/8) of APANPIRG, 12-16 July 2004, Bangkok, Thailand)
• Technical Issues with BUFR Migration (World Area Forecast System Operations Group (WAFSOPSG) First Meeting, Lima, Peru, 10 to 14 November 2003)
• Results of the WAFS BUFR/GRIB survey (C.M. Shun, 7th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/MET SG7) & 10th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Implementation Coordination Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/ATM IC SG/10), Bangkok, Thailand, 15-21 July 2003)
• Regional progress of WAFS transition (C.M. Shun, 7th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/MET SG7) & 10th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Implementation Coordination Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/ATM IC SG/10), Bangkok, Thailand, 15-21 July 2003)
• WAFS Transition Issues affecting the Asia and Pacific Regions   (CM Shun, presented in Conjoint ICAO Meteorology Divisional Meeting / Twelfth Session of the WMO Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology, Montreal, Canada, 9-27 September 2002) 
• Progress of WAFS Transition and Related Issues in the Asia and Pacific Regions   (CM Shun, presented in ICAO Sixth Meeting of CNS/MET Sub-Group of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 15-19 July 2002) 
• Planning for WAFS Transition in Hong Kong, China   (C.M. Shun, presentedat ICAO's Fourth Meeting of COM/MET/NAV/SUR Sub-Group of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 17-21 July 2000)

   - Uplink / Downlink of Weather Information to / from Aircraft

• Recent Developments in AMDAR and trends in Meteorological Data Downlink (CM Shun, Commission For Aeronautical Meteorology Thirteenth Session, Geneva, Switzerland,23 November to 1 December 2006)
• Recent Developments on Meteorological Information Datalink at the Hong Kong International Airport (M.K. Song, International Symposium on Electronics in Air Transport Industry (SEATI) 2006, Hong Kong, China, 8 - 9 March 2006 )
• Current Status of D-ATIS and D-VOLMET Implementation(M.K. Song, Ninth Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/9) of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 July 2005)
• Identification of a Data Link for Uplinking Graphical Meteorological Information(C.M. Shun, Ninth Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/9) of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 July 2005)
• Provision of Automated Aircraft Observations(C.M. Shun, Ninth Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/9) of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 July 2005)
• Specification of Graphical Tropical Cyclone SIGMET for Uplink to Aircraft(H.G. Wai, Meteorological Information Data Link Study Group (METLINKSG), Eighth Meeting, Montreal, 1-4 February 2005)
• Uplink of Windshear and Turbulence Information to Aircraft(H.G. Wai, Meteorological Information Data Link Study Group (METLINKSG), Eighth Meeting, Montreal, 1-4 February 2005)
• Planning for Meteorological Information Uplink(C.M. Cheng, 8th Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/8) of APANPIRG, 12-16 July 2004, Bangkok, Thailand)
• Survey on pilot's requirement on uplinking of meteorological information(C.M. Cheng, 8th Meeting of the Communications/Navigation/Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group (CNS/MET/SG/8) of APANPIRG, 12-16 July 2004, Bangkok, Thailand)
• Latest development of the meteorological components for the new CNS/ATM systems in Hong Kong, China (H.G. Wai, 7th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/MET SG7) & 10th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Implementation Coordination Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/ATM IC SG/10), Bangkok, Thailand, 15-21 July 2003)
• D-VOLMET service of Hong Kong, China (H.G. Wai, 7th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Meteorology Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/MET SG7) & 10th Meeting of the Communications/ Navigation/ Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Implementation Coordination Sub-Group of APANPIRG (CNS/ATM IC SG/10), Bangkok, Thailand, 15-21 July 2003)
• Collection and Applications of AMDAR Data in Hong Kong, China   (CM Shun, presented in the Twelfth Session of the WMO Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology, Montreal, Canada, 16-20 September 2002) 
• Development in respect of Uplink/downlink of OPMET Information in Hong Kong, China   (HG Wai, presented in Conjoint ICAO Meteorology Divisional Meeting / Twelfth Session of the WMO Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology, Montreal, Canada, 9-27 September 2002) 
• Development of Uplink/downlink of OPMET Information in Hong Kong, China   (HG Wai, presented in ICAO Sixth Meeting of CNS/MET Sub-Group of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 15-19 July 2002)