The Weather of November 2022
2 December 2022
With the northeast monsoon over southern China generally weaker than normal for most of the time in the month, November 2022 was much warmer than usual in Hong Kong. The mean minimum temperature of 22.0 degrees and mean temperature of 23.4 degrees were 1.7 degrees and 1.2 degrees above the respective normals and were respectively the second and the third highest for November on record. Together with the exceptionally hot weather in September 2022, Hong Kong experienced the warmest autumn on record from September to November 2022. The mean maximum temperature of 29.2 degrees and the mean temperature of 26.4 degrees for September to November 2022 were both the highest on record for the same period. Moreover, the mean minimum temperature of 24.4 degrees was also one of the highest on record for the same period. Attributing to the rainfall associated with tropical cyclone Nalgae in early November, the month was also much wetter than usual. The monthly total rainfall was 130.8 millimetres, more than three times of the normal figure of 39.3 millimetres. The accumulated rainfall up to November this year was 2179.7 millimetres, a deficit of around 9 percent compared with the normal of 2402.4 millimetres for the same period. The month was also unseasonably gloomy with only 100.3 hours of bright sunshine, about 42 percent below the normal figure of 172.3 hours and the lowest for November on record.
Severe Tropical Storm Nalgae over the northern part of the South China Sea moved generally north-northwestwards towards the coast of Guangdong on 1 November. It continued to edge closer to coast of Guangdong on 2 November, but weakened into a tropical storm in the afternoon due to the influence of the northeast monsoon. Nalgae skirted past the southern waters of Hong Kong on the night of 2 November and came closest to the south-southwest of Hong Kong on the early morning of 3 November. It then weakened into a tropical depression and made landfall over Zhuhai. Nalgae further degenerated into an area of low pressure over the western part of Guangdong in that morning.
Under the combined effect of the northeast monsoon and Nalgae, it was windy with a few showers in Hong Kong on 1 November. With the approach of Nalgae, the Observatory issued the No.8 Gale or Storm Signal on the afternoon of 2 November. Nalgae was the third tropical cyclone requiring the issuance of the No. 8 Signal in Hong Kong in November since records began in 1946. The last No. 8 Signal in November was in 1972. Strong to gale force winds generally affected the territory with occasional storm force winds offshore and on high ground later on 2 November and at first on 3 November. With Nalgae departing from Hong Kong and degenerated into an area of low pressure over the western part of Guangdong, local winds moderated during the day on 3 November. The outer rainbands of Nalgae brought occasional squally showers to Hong Kong on 2 – 3 November. More than 30 millimetres of rainfall were generally recorded over Hong Kong on these two days and rainfall even exceeded 80 millimetres over the urban areas and the eastern part of the territory.
Under the influence of a fresh to strong northeast monsoon and with a broad band of clouds covering the coast of Guangdong, local weather was mainly cloudy with a few showers on 4 – 8 November. The showers were particularly heavy on the morning of 8 November. More than 40 millimetres were recorded over Yuen Long. With the thinning out of the cloud band and strengthening of the anticyclone aloft, apart from the cloudier weather on 12 November, the weather of Hong Kong was generally fine on 9 – 13 November. The visibility was also rather low in some areas on 13 November.
With the prevalence of a fresh to strong northeast monsoon, it was mainly cloudy with sunny periods during the day in Hong Kong on 14 – 17 November. Affected by an anticyclone aloft, the weather turned generally fine again on 18 – 20 November. Under the influence of a fresh to strong northeast monsoon and upper-air disturbances, the weather of Hong Kong turned cloudy with a few rain patches on 21 – 23 November. With a broad band of clouds covering the coast of Guangdong, local weather remained cloudy with some rain on 24 – 27 November. The visibility was also relatively low in some areas on 27 November.
Affected by an anticyclone aloft, apart from some mist and rain patches, local weather turned generally fine and hot during the day on 28 November. The maximum temperature at the Observatory rose to 28.6 degrees on the afternoon of 28 November, the highest of the month. While the weather remained generally fine and hot during the day on 29 November, there were some fog patches over the eastern waters in the morning with the visibility once falling below 1000 metres. Meanwhile, the cold front over central China edged south towards southern China and moved across the coast of Guangdong on the morning of 30 November. Under the influence of the associated intense northeast monsoon, local weather became mainly cloudy, windy and cooler on that day. The temperature at the Observatory dropped progressively after noon time to a minimum of 18.3 degrees that night, the lowest of the month.
Three tropical cyclones occurred over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific in November 2022.
With the northeast monsoon over southern China generally weaker than normal for most of the time in the month, November 2022 was much warmer than usual in Hong Kong. The mean minimum temperature of 22.0 degrees and mean temperature of 23.4 degrees were 1.7 degrees and 1.2 degrees above the respective normals and were respectively the second and the third highest for November on record. Together with the exceptionally hot weather in September 2022, Hong Kong experienced the warmest autumn on record from September to November 2022. The mean maximum temperature of 29.2 degrees and the mean temperature of 26.4 degrees for September to November 2022 were both the highest on record for the same period. Moreover, the mean minimum temperature of 24.4 degrees was also one of the highest on record for the same period. Attributing to the rainfall associated with tropical cyclone Nalgae in early November, the month was also much wetter than usual. The monthly total rainfall was 130.8 millimetres, more than three times of the normal figure of 39.3 millimetres. The accumulated rainfall up to November this year was 2179.7 millimetres, a deficit of around 9 percent compared with the normal of 2402.4 millimetres for the same period. The month was also unseasonably gloomy with only 100.3 hours of bright sunshine, about 42 percent below the normal figure of 172.3 hours and the lowest for November on record.
Severe Tropical Storm Nalgae over the northern part of the South China Sea moved generally north-northwestwards towards the coast of Guangdong on 1 November. It continued to edge closer to coast of Guangdong on 2 November, but weakened into a tropical storm in the afternoon due to the influence of the northeast monsoon. Nalgae skirted past the southern waters of Hong Kong on the night of 2 November and came closest to the south-southwest of Hong Kong on the early morning of 3 November. It then weakened into a tropical depression and made landfall over Zhuhai. Nalgae further degenerated into an area of low pressure over the western part of Guangdong in that morning.
Under the combined effect of the northeast monsoon and Nalgae, it was windy with a few showers in Hong Kong on 1 November. With the approach of Nalgae, the Observatory issued the No.8 Gale or Storm Signal on the afternoon of 2 November. Nalgae was the third tropical cyclone requiring the issuance of the No. 8 Signal in Hong Kong in November since records began in 1946. The last No. 8 Signal in November was in 1972. Strong to gale force winds generally affected the territory with occasional storm force winds offshore and on high ground later on 2 November and at first on 3 November. With Nalgae departing from Hong Kong and degenerated into an area of low pressure over the western part of Guangdong, local winds moderated during the day on 3 November. The outer rainbands of Nalgae brought occasional squally showers to Hong Kong on 2 – 3 November. More than 30 millimetres of rainfall were generally recorded over Hong Kong on these two days and rainfall even exceeded 80 millimetres over the urban areas and the eastern part of the territory.
Under the influence of a fresh to strong northeast monsoon and with a broad band of clouds covering the coast of Guangdong, local weather was mainly cloudy with a few showers on 4 – 8 November. The showers were particularly heavy on the morning of 8 November. More than 40 millimetres were recorded over Yuen Long. With the thinning out of the cloud band and strengthening of the anticyclone aloft, apart from the cloudier weather on 12 November, the weather of Hong Kong was generally fine on 9 – 13 November. The visibility was also rather low in some areas on 13 November.
With the prevalence of a fresh to strong northeast monsoon, it was mainly cloudy with sunny periods during the day in Hong Kong on 14 – 17 November. Affected by an anticyclone aloft, the weather turned generally fine again on 18 – 20 November. Under the influence of a fresh to strong northeast monsoon and upper-air disturbances, the weather of Hong Kong turned cloudy with a few rain patches on 21 – 23 November. With a broad band of clouds covering the coast of Guangdong, local weather remained cloudy with some rain on 24 – 27 November. The visibility was also relatively low in some areas on 27 November.
Affected by an anticyclone aloft, apart from some mist and rain patches, local weather turned generally fine and hot during the day on 28 November. The maximum temperature at the Observatory rose to 28.6 degrees on the afternoon of 28 November, the highest of the month. While the weather remained generally fine and hot during the day on 29 November, there were some fog patches over the eastern waters in the morning with the visibility once falling below 1000 metres. Meanwhile, the cold front over central China edged south towards southern China and moved across the coast of Guangdong on the morning of 30 November. Under the influence of the associated intense northeast monsoon, local weather became mainly cloudy, windy and cooler on that day. The temperature at the Observatory dropped progressively after noon time to a minimum of 18.3 degrees that night, the lowest of the month.
Three tropical cyclones occurred over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific in November 2022.
Details of issuance and cancellation of various warnings/signals in the month are summarized in Tables 1.1 to 1.4. Monthly meteorological figures and departures from normal for November are tabulated in Table 2.
Warnings and Signals issued in November 2022
| Name of Tropical Cyclone |
Signal Number |
Beginning Time | Ending Time | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day/Month | HKT | Day/Month | HKT | ||
| NALGAE | 3 | 31 / 10 | 1620 | 2 / 11 | 1340 |
| 8 NW | 2 / 11 | 1340 | 2 / 11 | 2040 | |
| 8 NE | 2 / 11 | 2040 | 3 / 11 | 0240 | |
| 8 SE | 3 / 11 | 0240 | 3 / 11 | 0520 | |
| 3 | 3 / 11 | 0520 | 3 / 11 | 0620 | |
| Beginning Time | Ending Time | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Day/Month | HKT | Day/Month | HKT |
| 4 / 11 | 1615 | 5 / 11 | 0945 |
| 21 / 11 | 2000 | 22 / 11 | 1600 |
| Colour | Beginning Time | Ending Time | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day/Month | HKT | Day/Month | HKT | |
| Amber | 3 / 11 | 0135 | 3 / 11 | 0235 |
| Colour | Beginning Time | Ending Time | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day/Month | HKT | Day/Month | HKT | |
| Red | 30 / 10 | 0600 | 1 / 11 | 0900 |
| Yellow | 13 / 11 | 0600 | 13 / 11 | 1800 |
| Yellow | 20 / 11 | 0600 | 20 / 11 | 1800 |
| Meteorological Element | Figure of the Month | Departure from Normal* |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Daily Maximum Air Temperature | 25.4 degrees C | 0.9 degree above normal |
| Mean Air Temperature | 23.4 degrees C | 1.2 degrees above normal |
| Mean Daily Minimum Air Temperature | 22.0 degrees C | 1.7 degrees above normal |
| Mean Dew Point Temperature | 20.2 degrees C | 3.5 degrees above normal |
| Mean Relative Humidity | 83 % | 11 % above normal |
| Mean Cloud Amount | 71 % | 13 % above normal |
| Total Rainfall | 130.8 mm | 91.5 mm above normal |
| Number of hours of Reduced VisibilityΔ | 8 hours | 100.2 hours below normal§ |
| Total Bright Sunshine Duration | 100.3 hours | 72.0 hours below normal |
| Mean Daily Global Solar Radiation | 9.58 Megajoule / square metre | 2.68 Megajoule below normal |
| Total Evaporation | 54.7 mm | 40.4 mm below normal |
| Remarks : | All measurements were made at the Hong Kong Observatory except sunshine, solar radiation and evaporation which were recorded at King's Park Meteorological Station and visibility which was observed at the Hong Kong International Airport. |
| Δ |
The visibility readings at the Hong Kong International Airport are based on hourly observations by professional meteorological observers in 2004 and before, and average readings over the 10-minute period before the clock hour of the visibility meter near the middle of the south runway from 2005 onwards. The change of the data source in 2005 is an improvement of the visibility assessment using instrumented observations following the international trend. |
| * | Departure from 1991 - 2020 climatological normal, except for number of hours of reduced visibility |
| § | Departure from mean value between 1997 and 2021 |
| Remarks : | Extremely high: above 95th percentile Above normal: between 75th and 95th percentile Normal: between 25th and 75th percentile Below normal: between 5th and 25th percentile Extremely low: below 5th percentile Percentile and 5-day running average values are computed based on the data from 1991 to 2020 |
