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Intense Downdraught of Cold Air Associated with Thunderstorms

Turbulence is caused by rapid, irregular motion of the air. It brings about bumps or jolts, but does not normally influence the intended flight path of an aircraft to a large extent. However, in severe turbulence, abrupt changes in the altitude and attitude of an aircraft may occur and the pilot may momentarily lose control of the aircraft. For reporting and alerting purposes, moderate or severe turbulence is considered significant.

湍流示意圖